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A complete guide to chemical storage tank types, material selection and safety design specifications
Storage tanks are special container equipment used to store liquid or gaseous materials in chemical, petroleum, food, pharmaceutical and other industries. According to materials, they can be divided into two categories: metal storage tanks and non-metal storage tanks. As the core equipment for industrial fluid storage and transportation, storage tanks’ design pressure, material selection, capacity specifications and anti-corrosion measures must be strictly calculated based on the physical and chemical properties of the storage medium and usage conditions.
Carbon steel storage tanks are the most traditional and widely used type of storage tanks. The main material isQ235BSuch ordinary carbon structural steel has the significant advantages of high mechanical strength, good welding performance and low manufacturing cost. Carbon steel storage tanks are suitable for storing diesel, gasoline, crude oil, heavy oil, lubricating oil and other petroleum products. For storage tanks that store corrosive media such as strong acids, strong alkalis, and organic solvents, stainless steel must be used.304and316Stainless steel is the most commonly used stainless steel grade for chemical storage tanks.316Stainless steel contains molybdenum, which is resistant to chloride ions.andMore resistant to reducing acids.
FRP storage tanks are made of glass fiber reinforced composite materials as the main structure. The resin matrix gives them excellent corrosion resistance and good resistance to acids, alkalis, salts and various organic solvents. The overall shape has no risk of weld leakage, and the weight is only about a quarter of the steel storage tanks of the same specification. Polyethylene storage tanks are formed in one step using a rotational molding or blow molding process. They have no internal welds and have excellent resistance to most acid, alkali and salt solutions. The price is relatively economical and they are a popular choice for liquid storage tanks for small and medium-sized chemical companies.
The design and manufacture of storage tanks must strictly comply with relevant national standards and specifications. The design pressure should cover a safety margin between normal operating pressure and the maximum possible pressure. The anti-corrosion measures of storage tanks are determined according to the storage medium. Anti-corrosion coatings, linings or cathodic protection can be used to slow down the corrosion process on the inner wall. For storage tanks that store flammable, explosive or toxic and hazardous materials, they must be equipped with safety accessories such as breathing valves, flame arresters, liquid level gauges, and electrostatic grounding, and set up cofferdams or protective embankments to prevent leakage and spread. Regular inspection of tank wall thickness, weld quality and safety attachment functions are essential preventive maintenance measures to ensure the safe operation of storage tanks.
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